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Wat Pho ((タイ語:วัดโพธิ์), ), also spelt Wat Po, is a Buddhist temple complex in Phra Nakhon district, Bangkok, Thailand. It is located in the Rattanakosin district directly to the south of the Grand Palace. Known also as the Temple of the Reclining Buddha, its official name is Wat Phra Chetuphon Vimolmangklararm Rajwaramahaviharn〔 ((タイ語:วัดพระเชตุพนวิมลมังคลารามราชวรมหาวิหาร); ; ). The more commonly known name, Wat Pho, is a contraction its older name Wat Photaram ((タイ語:วัดโพธาราม); ). The temple is the first in the list of six temples in Thailand classed as the highest grade of the first class Royal temples.〔 It is associated with King Rama I who rebuilt the temple complex on an earlier temple site, and became his main temple where some of his ashes are enshrined.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Ashes of the Thai Kings )〕 The temple was later expanded and extensively renovated by Rama III. The temple complex houses the largest collection of Buddha images in Thailand, including a 46m long Reclining Buddha. The temple is also the earliest centre for public education in Thailand, and still houses a school of Thai medicine. It is known as the birthplace of traditional Thai massage which is still taught and practiced at the temple.〔 == History == Wat Pho is one of Bangkok's oldest temples; it existed before Bangkok was established as the capital by King Rama I. It was originally named Wat Photaram or Podharam, from which the name Wat Pho is derived.〔〔 The name refers the monastery of the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, India where Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment.〔〔 The older temple is thought to have been built or expanded some time in the reign of King Phetracha (1688–1703) of the Ayuthaya period on an perhaps even earlier temple site, but its founder is unknown.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Thailand celebrates Wat Pho as UNESCO Memory of the World )〕 After the fall of Ayutthaya to the Burmese, King Taksin moved the capital to Thonburi where he located his palace beside Wat Arun on the opposite side of the river to Wat Pho, and the proximity of Wat Pho to this royal palace elevated it to the status of a ''wat luang'' (royal monastery).〔 In 1782, King Rama I moved the capital from Thonburi across the river to Bangkok and built the Grand Palace adjacent to Wat Pho. In 1788, he ordered the construction and renovation at the old temple site of Wat Pho, which had by then become dilapidated.〔 The site which was marshy and uneven was drained and filled in before construction began. During its construction Rama I also initiated a project to remove Buddha images from abandoned temples in Ayutthaya, Sukhothai as well other sites in Thailand, and many of these Buddha images were kept in Wat Pho.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wat Pho: The temple of the Reclining Buddha )〕 These include the remnants of an enormous Buddha image from Ayuthaya's Wat Phra Si Sanphet destroyed by the Burmese in 1767, and these were incorporated into a chedi in the complex. The rebuilding took over 7 years to complete, and 12 years after work began, in 1801, the new temple complex was renamed Phra Chetuphon Vimolmangklavas in reference to the vihara of Jetavana, and became the main temple for Rama I.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Stone Inscription: Documentary Heritage )〕 The complex underwent significant changes in the next 260 years, particularly during the reign of Rama III (1824-1851 A.D.). In 1832, King Rama III began renovating and enlarging the temple complex, a process that took 16 years and 7 months to complete. The ground of the temple complex was expanded to 22 acres, and most of the structures in Wat Pho were either built or rebuilt in this period, including the chapel of the Reclining Buddha. He also turned the temple complex into a public center of learning by decorating the walls of the buildings with diagrams and inscriptions on various subjects. These marble inscriptions have received recognition in the Memory of the World Programme launched by UNESCO on February 21, 2008. Wat Pho is regarded as Thailand’s first university and a center for traditional Thai massage. It served as a medical teaching center in the mid-19th century before the advent of modern medicine, and the temple remains a center for traditional medicine today where a private school for Thai medicine founded in 1957 still operates.〔〔 The name of the complex was changed again to Wat Phra Chetuphon Vimolmangklararm during the reign of King Rama IV.〔 Apart from the construction of a fourth great chedi and minor modifications by Rama IV, there had been no significant changes to Wat Pho since. Repair work however is a continuing process, often funded by devotees of the temple. The temple was restored again in 1982 before the Bangkok Bicentennial Celebration.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wat Pho, Sanam Chai Road, Bangkok, Thailand )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wat Pho」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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